Herniated Disc Lesions

Your spine’s vertebrae are cushioned by soft discs that absorb shock and allow flexibility. A herniated disc occurs when the soft inner gel of the disc pushes through a tear in the tougher outer layer. This can irritate nearby nerves and cause pain or neurological symptoms.

Herniated discs happen most often in the lower back (lumbar spine) but can also occur in the neck (cervical spine).

Common signs and symptoms

Sharp, radiating pain down the leg (sciatica) or into the arm
Numbness, tingling or weakness in the limbs
Pain that worsens with bending, lifting or twisting
Relief when lying down or changing positions

Symptoms depend on the location and severity of nerve compression.

How we diagnose herniated discs

Physical examination focused on strength, sensation and reflexes
X-rays to evaluate spinal alignment
MRI to visualize discs and nerve compression
CT scans or nerve studies if needed

Accurate diagnosis ensures the most effective treatment plan.

Nonsurgical treatment approaches

Most people with herniated discs improve without surgery through:

Physical therapy to improve posture and core strength
Medications for pain and inflammation
Epidural steroid injections for targeted relief
Activity modification and ergonomic changes

Nonoperative care is often successful in reducing pain and restoring function.

Surgical treatment options

When conservative care doesn’t relieve symptoms or there’s significant nerve involvement, surgery may be appropriate. Options include:

Microdiscectomy: Removing the herniated portion of the disc to relieve pressure on nerves
Laminectomy: Removing bone or tissue to enlarge the spinal canal
Fusion (in select cases): Stabilizing the spine if instability is present

Your surgeon will recommend the best approach based on your unique situation.

Recovery after disc surgery

Recovery depends on the procedure but generally includes:

Early mobilization
Tailored physical therapy
Gradual increase in activity

Many patients experience significant pain relief and improved mobility shortly after surgery.

Herniated Disc Frequently Asked Questions

Can a herniated disc heal on its own?
Yes. Many herniated discs improve with time and conservative care.

Will surgery stop all pain?
Surgery aims to relieve nerve compression and improve function. Most patients have significant improvement, though outcomes vary.

How soon can I go back to work or activities?
Return to work depends on the type of work and your recovery progress. Sedentary roles may resume in a few weeks; physically demanding jobs may require more time. Your surgeon will provide specific guidance.